Throughout its length, it is enclosed within the spinal column, with the cord passing through the vertebral foramen of the vertebrae. The spinal cord is a central nervous system structure that extends inferiorly from the brain stem and into the lower back. The structure of the spinal cord aids it in carrying out these relaying and integrative functions. The spinal cord is a nervous system structure dedicated to relaying information from the periphery to the brain and back, as well as carrying out certain levels of integration, such as those found in many reflexes. For example, specialized nerve endings often act as sensors (receptors), information is carried along nerves and/or tracts of the spinal cord, integration occurs within the CNS, and spinal cord tracts and nerves carry the responding information back out to the effectors. In most of these loops, the structures of the nervous system make up more than one component, and carry out more than one function in these loops. The nervous system is critical to many of our homeostatic feedback loops.
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